Surveying
Surveying is a science that combines practical mathematics with measurement techniques and drawing art, and by using it, displays some pieces of ground with all its complications on horizontal page.
In general, mapping knowledge could be called the science of producing & implementing of map. But due to the high extent of this science in the world, this definition can be considered comprehensive.
Now we have reached a level that any type of activity in the fields of civil, economic, agriculture, military such as construction of dams, canals, roads, electricity powerhouses, military operations and other fields are in need of mapping science.